In wine production, even the smallest of mistakes can affect the taste and quality of the end product. Winemaking can be rewarding, but it comes with its own unique challenges. It adds an astringent flavor, balance, and structure, allowing wines to age longer. Tannin, on the other hand, is a phenolic compound found in the seeds, skins, and stems of wine grapes. Grapes are naturally high in acidity, but other types of fruit, such as apples, may require the addition of acid (e.g. Wine acidity adds a refreshing taste, brings out the flavor of the fruit, and helps preserve wine. Acidity and tannin are the most commonly confused features. Wine has five basic characteristics – sweetness, acidity, body, tannin, and alcohol. Winemakers can choose to instantly bottle the product or let it age further. Temperature control can improve wine quality and enhance aroma and flavor retention.Īfter the fermentation process is complete, the wine is transferred into barrels or tanks and the tannins and yeast are removed. Typically, the optimal fermentation temperature for white wines is at or below 59☏ and between 68☏ - 86☏ for red wines.Įxperimenting with fermentation at lower temperatures can be beneficial for white, rosé, and other aromatically delicate varieties. Wine Fermentationĭuring fermentation, yeast converts grape sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide. There, they are de-stemmed, crushed, and left to ferment. Once the grapes have been plucked from the vineyards, they are sent to the winery. It is important to remember that picking the fruit at optimal ripeness will determine the acidity and flavor of the wine. The best time to pluck the grapes is typically based on their variety and the type of wine being made.
In general, the grape harvest season in the US is between August and October. Successful wine production starts with harvesting the grape clusters at the perfect moment. In addition, you’ll find advice on preparing for harvest season, managing sulfur, and handling grapevine diseases. This section includes resources on wine production, home winemaking, wine acidity, tannins, and enological additives. Making good wine is a blend of knowledge, skill, and excellent grapes.
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